轮台白杏叶片铁锰浓度光谱估算模型

建立基于光谱分析的轮台白杏叶片铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)元素浓度估算模型,为快速建立轮台白杏树体微量营养元素诊断体系提供技术途经。采用Unispec-SC光谱仪测定土壤肥力存在显著差异条件下轮台白杏果实不同生育时期叶片的光谱反射率,通过分析叶片中Fe和Mn元素浓度与Rλ和f′(Rλ)的相关性,筛选出光谱指示波段,并采用线性回归模型建立光谱估算模型以估算叶片Fe和Mn营养元素浓度。结果表明:轮台白杏果实不同生育时期叶片Fe元素的光谱敏感波段各不相同,果实坐果期和硬核期敏感波段分别为873和874nm,375和437nm。果实成熟期敏感波段为836和837nm而果实收后期敏感波段为325和1 054nm;轮台白杏果实四个生育时期Mn元素的光谱敏感波段分别为913和1 129nm,425和970nm,390和466nm,423和424nm;轮台白杏叶片Fe和Mn元素浓度均与光谱反射率一阶微分f′(Rλ)相关性最强,与之建立的线性光谱估算模型拟合度最高,且达到了显著或极显著水平。表明果实不同生育时期,轮台白杏叶片Fe和Mn元素的光谱指示波段不同,可根据双波段f′(Rλ)采用线性模型估算白杏叶片Fe和Mn元素浓度。     

Color Measurement in Leaf Diagnosis

Abstract

The paper presents for the first time in literature the use of color measurement in leaf diagnosis. It uses the data obtained in certain well- established conditions, in CIE 1976 system for quantifying the color changes of leaves in different sufference (plant or leaf damage) symptoms.

The data are presented for sugar beet plants, but the application can be easily extended to any crop, arboretums, or ecological systems.

As a further extension of the study, it can be used in the telediagnosis of plants' sufferences by plane or even by satellite.     

傅里叶变换红外光谱法研究核辐照对三七总皂苷粉成分的影响

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(卷积谱)法对经不同剂量y-射线核辐照的三七总皂苷粉进行了对比研究.辐照剂量不高于9kGy时,三七总皂苷粉样品的化学成分几乎没有发生变化;三七总皂苷粉样品经15kGy及以上的辐照剂量辐照后,可能产生新的化学成分;经21kGy的剂量辐照,三七总皂苷粉产生了人参、三七粉所含的普通成分(非三七总皂苷成分...     

Sensitive determination of phenols in environmental water samples with SPE packed with bamboo carbon prior to HPLC

Bamboo carbon, an inexpensive, readily available material, has attracted great attention in recent years because of adsorptive properties. In this paper, the potential of bamboo carbon as a SPE adsorbent for the determination of phenols, was investigated. Phenols are important environmental contaminants that may adversely affect human health. Parameters influencing extraction efficiency, including type of eluent, eluent volume, amount of adsorbent, as well as sample pH, volume, and flow rate were investigated and optimized. The optimized results exhibited excellent linear relationships between peak area and phenol concentrations over the range of 2.0–100 ng/mL, with precision between 2.2–7.2%. The LODs were 0.06–0.4 ng/mL for the eight phenols tested. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of several real‐world environmental water samples. These results indicate that bamboo carbon may be used as a novel SPE adsorbent for the concentration and determination of phenols in real environmental water samples.     

竹炭为高效吸附剂的固相萃取分析环境水样中的痕量三氯生

建立了一种由竹炭作为固相萃取高效吸附剂富集环境水样中痕量三氯生的新方法. 研究并优化了几个影响富集效率的参数. 在优化条件下, 三氯生的检测限为0.08 μg/L, 在1～100 μg/L 范围内有良好的线性关系, 相对标准偏差为2.9% (n=7). 方法可应用于实际废水样品的分析.     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Catalytic Behavior of Bamboo Rice Husk Ash

In this paper, we report the use of bamboo rice husk ash as an efficient, greener, reusable, and biodegradable heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of tetrahydro‐4H ‐chromene‐3‐carbonitriles via the one‐pot three‐component reaction of malononitrile with aromatic aldehydes and dimedone or 1,3‐cyclohexanedione. The formation of bamboo rice husk ash‐silica has been confirmed by several analytical techniques.     

Effect of seasonal variation on dust samples of a winter fog affected urban environment of India,South East Asia

Physical and chemical characteristics of leaf dust (LD) samples, collected between 2011 and 2013, of a severely winter fog affected and polluted urban environment (Allahabad, India) of Indo-Gangetic plain are presented in this study. The weather changes in the study area are grouped into three effective annual seasonal periods – winter fog, pre-monsoon and post-monsoon. The pronounced impact of seasonal variations is observed in LD characteristics, as ~46% of the winter fog period samples ranges in size between 2.5 and 20 µm with high magnetic susceptibility (up to 938.22 × 10^?8 m³ kg^?1). In comparison, 35% of the LD from pre-monsoon period occurs in the size range of 100–300 µm with low magnetic susceptibility (up to 43.29 × 10^?8 m³ kg^?1). The fractal analysis involving submicroscopic clast dimension of LD also reveals a seasonal influence. The toxic metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr and Ni) in LD belonging to winter fog and post-monsoon periods increase in comparison to samples from pre-monsoon time. Multivariate statistical analysis of trace element data suggests that the LD collected from winter fog and post-monsoon periods originate predominantly from anthropogenic source, whereas those collected during pre-monsoon owe their origin to crustal and anthropogenic sources, mainly. The present study has demonstrated the role of seasonal variation in controlling the physical and chemical properties of particulate matter based on multiple parameter analyses, and the derivation of the dust load from a mixed source (upper continental crust, anthropogenic and vehicular) for the study area for the first time.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定烟叶中吡虫啉农药残留量

建立了固相萃取-高校液相色谱法测定烟叶中吡虫啉农药残留量的方法。样品用乙腈提取,弗罗里硅土固相萃取柱净化.梯度洗脱方式分离,DAD二极管阵列检测器检测。吡虫啉加标回收率为87.83%—94.80%,相对标准偏差为1.64%,检出限为0.01μg/g。该方法灵敏、准确,适用烟草中吡虫啉农药残留的分析。     

团状雪灵芝三种提取工艺的红外光谱跟踪分析

为了建立一种基于红外光谱跟踪分析的过程分析方法用于团状雪灵芝(AP)提取分离过程的宏观指导,从同一工艺不同提取物及不同工艺同一提取物两个方面,对三种提取工艺各四种提取物进行红外光谱跟踪测试,并对红外光谱及相应二阶导数谱进行了深入的对比分析研究。光谱分析结果显示,同一工艺的不同提取物具有明显不同的光谱吸收特征;不同工艺同一提取物的吸收特征总体相似,但彼此之间也存在明显的光谱差异。1 603和1 123cm-1的特征峰表明,提取法一中,黄酮类及其糖苷主要进入了酯提物,余者进入了醇提物。相反,方法二、三中,大部分黄酮类进入了醇提物,水提物中还存在微量黄酮苷。此外,根据2 850cm-1峰强可知,方法二酯提物中苷元及高级饱和烃基含量较高。类似的,1 066和2 927cm-1等特征吸收峰表明方法三的醇提物中糖苷及多糖含量较高。研究结果表明,AP组分在不同提取工艺中的迁移规律不尽相同,提取过程中的物质迁移信息可以通过各提取物红外光谱的跟踪分析进行记录和直观解析。红外光谱跟踪分析法是一种快速、有效、低碳、环保的过程分析方法,对于诸如AP等植物提取分离过程的质量控制或工艺优化具有宏观指导意义。     

基于叶片光学属性的作物叶片水分含量反演模型研究

叶片含水量是反映作物生理特性的一个重要参数, 对生态环境的研究具有重要意义。采用小波分析方法, 分析叶片含水量对反射率的影响特征, 建立综合利用多波段信息的作物叶片水分含量反演模型。基于PROSPECT模型的辐射传输理论, 推导出由叶片反射率光谱的小波系数反演叶片水分含量CW的理论模型。利用六种常用的小波函数, 对叶片组分水、干物质和白化基本层的吸收光谱进行小波分解。选取对水分变化最敏感, 同时对其他组分不敏感的分解尺度和波段位置, 找到能稳定突出水的光谱特征的小波系数。结果表明: bior1.5小波函数在尺度为200 nm, 波段位置为1 405和1 488 nm的小波系数具有上述特征。建立由叶片反射率光谱的bior1.5小波系数反演叶片水分含量CW的反演模型, 模型有两个转换系数a和Δ都受叶片结构参数N的影响。利用PROSPECT模型生成模拟光谱数据集, 校正建立的叶片水分含量反演模型中的两个转换系数a和Δ, 并与LOPEX93实验光谱数据集结合验证反演模型。结果表明: 反演模型不仅比传统基于植被指数的统计模型在精度上有提高(反演值与实测值的R2最高达到0.987), 而且更加稳定, 普适性更高。研究表明, 小波分析方法在利用高光谱数据反演作物叶片水分含量方面具有独特的优势。